England – the most detailed information about the country with a photo. Sights, cities of England, climate, geography, population and culture.
Contents
England (England)
England is a country and administrative unit of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Located on the territory of the island of Great Britain, occupying its southern and central part. England has land borders with Scotland (in the north) and Wales (in the west). Also the country has maritime borders with Ireland (island and state) and France. England (unlike other administrative and political parts of the United Kingdom) has its own parliament and government obeying relevant legislative and executive bodies Great Britain.
England is one of the most visited countries in the world, which has magnificent history, beautiful cities and the richest cultural traditions. This part of Britain is famous for its many excellent historical sites from ancient megaliths and ancient roman facilities to medieval villages and ancient castles. England – this is a picturesque natural landscape and spectacular sea coast, atmospheric province and the dynamic life of megacities. This amazing country has a very authentic atmosphere and lifestyle. of life.
Flag of England
- Useful information
- Geography and nature
- Climate
- Best time to visit
- Story
- Administrative division
- Population
- Transport
- Cities of England
- sights
- Accommodation
- Kitchen
Useful information about England
- The population is more than 53 million people.
- Area – 133 396 km ².
- Currency – pound sterling.
- English language.
- Time – UTC 0, in the summer +1.
- The UK is not a party to the Schengen Agreement. Visa can be obtained by personally visiting an accredited visa centers that are located in Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don and Yekaterinburg.
- Capital London.
- State and national holidays: January 1 – New Year, Good Friday (Friday before Easter), Easter Monday (right after Easter), early May day off (first Monday May), spring day off (last Monday of May), summer day off (last Monday of August), December 25 – Christmas, December 26 is Boxing Day.
- England has a left-hand car traffic. Expensive free except for a few large bridges, tunnels and toll motorway m6. Motorways in the UK are designated white letters on a blue background. On the roads are the following restrictions: 70 mph (115 km / h) – motorways, 60 mph (100 km / h) – roads with one carriageway outside settlements, 30 mph (50 km / h) – in the settlements. Major cities are not very convenient for car traffic. Better to leave the car in suburbs in special parking lots, and in the center to get to cheap buses.
- The voltage of the electrical network is 230 V, 50 Hz.
- In most restaurants, service charges are included in the bill. If this is not the case, then it will be good practice to leave 10% of the amount. accounts
Geography and nature
England is located on the island of Great Britain, occupying 2/3 of its territory. It has land borders with two other administrative and political units of the United Kingdom: on north with Scotland and west with Wales. England is washed Northern and Irish Seas, which are part of the water area Atlantic Ocean. English Channel and Pas-de-Calais straits separate island from france.
The south of England is a plain that is divided by hills. and uplands. The north of England is relatively mountainous. the area where the Penninsky Mountains are located. The largest peak is Skofel Pike (978 meters). East of England is lowland with meadows and marshes that were drained and became agricultural land.
Nature of England
The largest rivers of England: Severn, Thames, Trent, Great Ouse, Wye. In Celtic times most of England was covered with broad-leaved forests (oak, beech, hornbeam, ash). But in the future most of the forest The arrays were converted into fields and pastures. Now forests occupy only 10% of the territory of England.
Climate
England has a temperate maritime climate, which is mitigated by influence. warm Gulf Stream. It differs relatively warm, in some northern areas are cool in summer and mild in winter. Southeast part is the warmest region. Northeast is the coldest. The weather in England can be quite changeable, and autumn and spring often rainy. The climate is characterized by rare extreme temperatures and small temperature differences indicators between the warmest and coldest months.
Rural terrain in England. Cotswolds
Best time to visit
The best time to visit England is late spring and summer. Autumn can it is rather rainy, and in winter it is cool and damp.
Story
Before the Roman conquest of England was inhabited by the British (Celtic tribes). In the 1st century BC. south west central parts of Britain were conquered by the Roman Empire and were part of it until the 5th century. The Romans built a road here, a chain fortifications and founded several cities. In fact, Britain was the outskirts of the Roman state. After the departure of the Romans, the Britons began to crowd the northern tribes of the Picts and the Scots (the future the Scots).
In the 5th century the tribes of the Germans invaded England (Angles, Saxons and Utes). They formed 7 kingdoms which were further united in the kingdom of England. First english Alfred the Great became king. In the 9th century England suffers from invasion. the Vikings. The warlike Scandinavians captured the northern and eastern territory, and the Danish kings even ruled for some time English kingdom. In the 11th century, Normans invaded England. led by William the Conqueror. Wilhelm introduced the feudal system, as well as French mores and traditions.
York is one of the oldest cities of England
In 1154, Henry II from the dynasty was crowned in England. Plantagenet or Anjou. When he was granted rights and benefits to many cities, which contributed to their growth and development. In 1171 was subordinate to Ireland. At the end of the 13th century, the English monarchs subjugated Wales. In 1399, the Lancaster dynasty came to power, which rules of the country until 1462. The end of the 15th century is characterized by a series wars between supporters of the York and Lancaster dynasty who ended in victory first.
The Yorks ruled the country for just 24 years. In 1485 to the throne reigned the Tudors. In 1603 the Scottish king became the king of England. King Jacob I of the Stuarts dynasty. The 17th century was rather stormy. for England. The country was shaken by wars, religious conflicts and revolution, which ended with the restoration of the monarchy. In 1707 in as a result of the union, England and Scotland formed a single state – UK.
Read more UK history.
Administrative division
Now England is divided into 9 regions and 48 ceremonial counties
Administrative division of England
In regional terms, the territory of England can be divided into three large parts:
- South England – London, Southeast and West Coast Great Britain.
- Midlands (Central England) – East Midlands (the center of England before North Sea coast), West Midlands (industrial and rural East Wales), East of England (rural province northeast of London).
- North England – Yorkshire, major industrial cities between Wales and Scotland.
Population
The largest ethnic group in England – the British. This is a nation appeared as a result of mixing the Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Normans. The English speak English. Prevailing religion is Anglicanism (one of the directions Christianity).
The English are usually friendly and polite. Although they differ some stiffness, vanity and conservatism. In the usual the lives of the British are calm, calm and rather closed. His passion they can splash out on sporting events and in pubs
London
Transport
Since Britain is an island, then to England from mainland Europe can be reached by ferry or via Eurotunnel under the channel channel. The best and fastest way to get here is by to the air. The country has excellent air links with most major cities of Europe and the world. London Heathrow Airport is one of the largest and busiest air ports in the world. The largest airports in England are located in London (as many as five) Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool.
England has an excellent rail link and one of The highest concentrations of railways in the world. Railways connect all major cities. Also by train to England you can get from france and belgium.
Bath city
Cities of England
- London is the capital of Great Britain and the largest city in the country. it one of the main financial centers of the world and leading global cities on a par with New York. London is one of the most popular. tourist destinations in Europe. This is a noisy and vibrant metropolis, which has an amazing concentration of gorgeous attractions and historical monuments as well as is the capital of art, culture, music, education, fashion, politics, finance and trade.
- Birmingham is the second largest city in the UK with the rich industrial heritage. He is known for his jewelry channels. decorations and numerous cultural events.
- Bristol – a city with a glorious history and one of the oldest ports Of England. Known for its beautiful Georgian architecture and remarkable “marine” atmosphere.
- Liverpool – the city of the Beatles, known for its music, sports and Irish pubs. This is one of the centers of the transatlantic shipping, an important commercial and university city with many beautiful historic buildings.
- Manchester is the commercial and cultural capital of Lancashire. It was once one of the largest industrial centers in Europe, which now famous for entertaining and sporting constructions.
- Bath is one of the most attractive cities in the UK famous for its magnificent antique heritage.
- York is one of the most beautiful medieval cities of England with charming old streets, many old churches and wonderful historical atmosphere.
- Cambridge – a university town with a romantic medieval character, stunning gothic architecture and one of the most high concentrations of historic buildings in England.
- Sheffield is the fourth most populous city in England, which is famous for a huge number of parks and gardens.
- Nottingham is a place with a rich history, the origins of which go back to Roman times, covered with legends about Robin Hood. City often called the “Queen of the Midlands” because of the wide streets, beautiful architecture and the abundance of scenic parks.
- Leeds is the UK’s third largest city, located in Yorkshire County. It is one of the largest industrial, commercial and financial centers of Northern England, which is famous for its magnificent shopping, a number of interesting museums and art galleries, as well as numerous parks.
- Bristol is the unofficial capital of West England and one of The oldest British ports.
Cambridge
England Attractions
Stonehenge
Stonehenge – the most famous prehistoric monument in Europe, located 10 km north of Salisbury. It is ancient megalithic structure was built between 3000 and 1500 years BC. and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mysterious Stonehenge consists of huge boulders, which called menhirs or megaliths. The exact purpose of it is still it is not known. Although archaeologists tend to conclude that Stonehenge – this is either an ancient graveyard or a building for prediction. cosmic phenomena.
Tower of London
The Tower of London is one of the most famous historical monuments of Great Britain included in the list of World UNESCO heritage. This mighty fortress was founded by Wilhelm Conqueror in the 11th century and is witnessing a rich history Of london This place throughout its existence has tried on many roles: from the dark prison to the palace, from the royal treasury before the menagerie. Now the Tower is one of the most popular tourist attractions of the United Kingdom and Includes wonderful historical exhibits.
Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is one of the main symbols of London with beautiful bridge towers, inside the base of which are old steam engines. This drawbridge was completed only in 1894 year and at that time was considered a miracle of Victorian engineering.
Big Ben
Big Ben is one of the symbols of England and its capital. This is a clock tower Westminster Palace, built in 1859 according to the design of Charles Barry Huge clocks date back to the same period.
Roman terms in the city of Bath
Roman baths in the city of Bath date back to 1 century BC and were built around the largest of the three hot springs. Terms are among the best examples of ancient architecture, preserved in England.
Westminster abbey
Westminster Abbey (or St. Peter’s Cathedral Church Westminster) – a magnificent masterpiece of the Gothic and one of the legendary places of London. The origins of this religious structure go to the early Middle Ages. Westminster Abbey was founded by Edward A confessor in 1065 as a burial place. Since 1066 most of the British were crowned and buried here of kings.
York Minster
York Minster is the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe, founded in the 7th century. This is a masterpiece of medieval architecture and one of most important religious buildings in England. York Minster has superb gothic facade adorned with a variety of decorative items. The interior contains beautiful stained glass windows and a huge amount important religious artifacts.
Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral is a magnificent Gothic cathedral and the main Anglican temple of the United Kingdom. This ancient church are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and reflect the architecture different centuries.
Cotswolds
Cotswolds – hilly ridge, which is located in the west Central England (mainly in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire). Known for its picturesque beech forests, small villages with old stone houses and pastures.
Lake District
The Lake District is a national park, which is considered one of The most beautiful places in England. Includes 12 large lakes and many picturesque landscapes.
Historical cambridge buildings
Most of the attractions and historic buildings Cambridge is concentrated in the colleges of the University of Cambridge, almost each of which is a masterpiece of architecture and famous for rich traditions. The university here was founded in the 13th century. and is considered one of the oldest educational institutions in Europe.
Warwick Castle
Warwick Castle – one of the most beautiful medieval castles Of England. This impressive fortress was founded 9 centuries ago and located in a beautiful historic city.
Durdle Dor (Durdle Door)
Durdle Door (Durdle Door) – a picturesque beach in Dorset with a secluded bay and an ancient limestone arch.
Mountain of sv. Michael
Mountain of sv. Mihaila is a charming tidal island (recalls French Mont Saint-Michel), located 500 meters from the coast of mainland Cornwall and topped with medieval church and castle.
Alnick Castle
Castle Alnick – the second largest inhabited castle in England, located in northumberland county. It has a rich ancient history and magnificent medieval architecture.
Hadrian’s Wall
Hadrian’s Wall is a chain of ancient fortifications that stretched to 117 km. These protective walls and ramparts were built in the 2nd century AD. for protect the Roman provinces from the Scott and Pict tribes who lived in antiquities on the territory of modern Scotland.
Accommodation
England has a large number of accommodation options from affordable hostels and hostels to luxury hotels. The most the best option for the price and quality would be the hotel “bed – breakfast “.
Kitchen
English cuisine is famous for its simple meat dishes: roast beef, steak, bacon. Fish dishes and puddings are also popular.
Traditional food:
- Lancashire Hotpot – hearty vegetable and meat stew.
- Cornish Pasty – puff pie with meat filling.
- Yorkshire Pudding – liquid pudding with grilled meat.
- Pies – meat pie.
- Full English Breakfast – the famous English breakfast (fried bacon, scrambled eggs, bread, fried black pudding with a large mug of tea with milk).
- Roast dinner (Sunday dinner) – roasted meat with vegetables and potatoes.
Pubs are a great place to try English food. reasonable price. But you need to take into account an important nuance – in such institutions the kitchen is open until 21.00.
Liverpool
A traditional drinking establishment is called a pub. Most popular alcoholic drink is a beer that can be divided into lager (light), ale and stout (dark). The most popular soft drink is, of course, tea.
